Balanced literacy is simply the philosophy of providing children with a balanced approach to becoming literate.  This approach includes “five blocks”:  whole group instruction on grade level (see below), flexible or small group instruction on instructional level (see below), self-selected reading at a student’s independent level, word work (study of words – phonics, spelling, vocabulary), and integrated writing opportunities.

Whole Group Instruction:

Whole group instruction in reading is when the whole class is instructed in reading on grade level.  For example, in third grade during whole group instruction, materials used and skills taught will be at the third grade level. 

Flexible or Small Group Instruction:

During flexible or small group instruction, students are divided into smaller groups and are instructed on their instructional level, which may be below, at, or above grade level.  At grades K and 1, the same teacher teaches all groups in the classroom on a rotating basis throughout reading time, with extra adult support for some students who need reading assistance.  In grades 2-5, students are assigned to reading “coaches” and may change classrooms and teachers during flexible or small group reading time.  At grade 6, all reading instruction occurs during hour-long ELA blocks.  Students who require extra reading support are assisted in the classroom by an additional teacher.